Cylindrical Grinding & Internal Grinding
Cylindrical Grinding
It is mainly carried out on the cylindrical grinder to grind the outer cylinder, outer cone and end face of shaft shoulder of shaft workpiece. During grinding, the workpiece rotates at a low speed. If the workpiece moves longitudinally and reciprocally at the same time, and the grinding wheel cross feeds the workpiece after each single or double stroke of longitudinal movement, it is called longitudinal grinding method.
If the width of the grinding wheel is greater than the length of the ground surface, the workpiece will not move longitudinally during the grinding process, but the grinding wheel will continuously cross feed relative to the workpiece, which is called cut in grinding. Generally, the efficiency of cut in grinding is higher than that of longitudinal grinding. If the grinding wheel is trimmed into a formed surface, the cut in grinding method can be used to machine the formed outer surface.
Internal Grinding
It is mainly used for grinding cylindrical holes (Fig. 2), tapered holes and hole end surfaces of workpieces on internal grinder, universal cylindrical grinder and coordinate grinder. Generally, longitudinal grinding method is adopted. When grinding the formed inner surface, the cut in grinding method can be used.
When grinding the inner hole on the coordinate grinder, the workpiece is fixed on the workbench, and the grinding wheel rotates at high speed, but also makes planetary motion around the centerline of the grinding hole. In internal grinding, the grinding speed is usually less than 30 m/s due to the small diameter of the grinding wheel.
Surface Grinding
It is mainly used for grinding plane and groove on surface grinder. There are two kinds of surface grinding: peripheral grinding refers to grinding with the cylindrical surface of the grinding wheel (Figure 3). Generally, the horizontal spindle surface grinder is used. If the shaped grinding wheel is used, various shaped surfaces can also be machined; Face grinding with grinding wheel is called face grinding, and vertical surface grinder is generally used.